The highest court in the UK sits at the top of this hierarchy. Its decisions are conclusive and set legal precedent for all other courts. Before 2009, this role was held by the House of Lords, but constitutional reform created the modern Supreme Court to provide enhanced separation between the judiciary and the legislature.

Above the Sheriff Courts is the High Court of Justiciary, Scotland’s supreme criminal court. It deals with the most serious crimes, such as murder, rape, and major drug offences. It also acts as the court of criminal appeal. Cases here are heard by a judge and, in most trials, a jury of fifteen people—a number that is unlike in England.

Justice of the Peace Courts are presided over lay magistrates—non-legally trained volunteers—who deal with summary offences, such as traffic violations. They can impose fines and short custodial sentences, but their powers are limited.

Debates around the role of the Supreme Court and devolution continue, particularly as Scotland navigates questions around independence, human rights, and legislative autonomy. The Scottish Parliament also has the power to create new laws in devolved areas, which means Scottish courts may interpret and enforce statutes differently from their counterparts in England and Wales.

However, modern court design has shifted away from this monumental style. Today, there is a growing focus on creating courts that are not only functional but also accessible. The need for accessibility is one of the primary concerns in modern court design, as courts must be open and usable for everyone, regardless of their physical ability or social background. This has led to the incorporation of inclusive design in many new court buildings.

Another area of concern is access to legal services. Legal aid funding has also faced cuts in recent years, leaving many individuals unable to afford representation in court. Legal aid is essential for ensuring that everyone, regardless of income, can access justice. The reduction in legal aid funding has raised concerns about the fairness of the justice system, as it risks creating a divide between those who can afford legal representation and those who cannot.

In addition to the courtroom itself, the overall layout of the court building is designed with the flow of cases in mind. Modern courts are often organized in a way that facilitates the smooth movement of people through the building. This includes the use of digital directories to guide people to the right courtroom, as well as the design of waiting areas that are comfortable and functional. These features are essential in ensuring that court cases can proceed efficiently and that people are not kept waiting for long periods in uncomfortable conditions.

Scotland also has a separate system for youth justice, which places emphasis on rehabilitation rather than punishment. The Children

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