<p>More than 90% of all volcanic rock on Earth is basalt. Rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt has the same chemical composition and mineralogy as slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro. The eruption of basalt lava is observed by geologists at about 20 volcanoes per year. Basalt is also an important rock type on other planetary bodies in the Solar System. 80% of the surface, are basaltic; the lunar maria are plains of flood-basaltic lava flows; and basalt is a common rock on the surface of Mars. Molten basalt lava has a low viscosity due to its relatively low silica content (between 45% and 52%), resulting in rapidly moving lava flows that can spread over great areas before cooling and solidifying. Flood basalts are thick sequences of many such flows that can cover hundreds of thousands of square kilometres and constitute the most voluminous of all volcanic formations. Basaltic magmas within Earth are thought to originate from the upper mantle. The chemistry of basalts thus provides clues to processes deep in Earth's interior.</p><br/><br/><p><img src="https://myderilapillow.com/cdn/shop/files/OfficialDerilaPillow.png?v=1753635692u0026width=1100">Basalt is composed mostly of oxides of silicon, iron, magnesium, potassium, aluminum, titanium, and calcium. Geologists classify igneous rock by its mineral content whenever possible; the relative volume percentages of quartz (crystalline silica (SiO2)),  <a href="https://thaprobaniannostalgia.com/index.php/Christmas_Pom_Pom_Pillow_-_From_Placemats">neck support pillow</a> alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and feldspathoid (QAPF) are particularly important. An aphanitic (fine-grained) igneous rock is classified as basalt when its QAPF fraction is composed of less than 10% feldspathoid and less than 20% quartz, and plagioclase makes up at least 65% of its feldspar content. This places basalt in the basalt/andesite field of the QAPF diagram. It is often not practical to determine the mineral composition of volcanic rocks, due to their very small grain size, in which case geologists instead classify the rocks chemically, with particular emphasis on the total content of alkali metal oxides and silica (TAS); in that context, basalt is defined as volcanic rock with a content of between 45% and 52% silica and no more than 5% alkali metal oxides.</p><br/><br/><p>This places basalt in the B field of the TAS diagram. Such a composition is described as mafic. Some basalts are quite light-coloured due to a high content of plagioclase; these are sometimes described as leucobasalts. It can be difficult to distinguish between lighter-colored basalt and andesite, so field researchers commonly use a rule of thumb for this purpose, classifying it as basalt if it has a color index of 35 or greater. The physical properties of basalt result from its relatively low silica content and  <a href="https://seowiki.io/index.php/Benutzer:ArlieLeverett87">neck support pillow</a> typically high iron and magnesium content. The average density of basalt is 2.9 g/cm3, compared, for example, to granite’s typical density of 2.7 g/cm3. Basalt often contains vesicles; they are formed when dissolved gases bubble out of the magma as it decompresses during its approach to the surface; the erupted lava then solidifies before the gases can escape. When vesicles make up a substa

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